Leptin plays an important role in energy intake and body weight homeostasis. Leptin is secreted mainly from white adipose tissue and circulates in the bloodstream, inhibiting food intake by activating the leptin receptor expressed on hypothalamic neurons. Recent studies have demonstrated leptin resistance as the main factor involved in the development of obesity. We and others have reported that leptin resistance is caused by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to the accumulation of unfolded protein in the ER. In the present study, we investigated whether isoflavones could affect ER stress and the subsequent development of leptin resistance. We showed that biochanin A, a family of isoflavones, strongly attenuated cell death induced by ER stress in neuronal cells, improved ER stress-induced impairments in leptin signaling, and suppressed ER stress-induced expression of glucose-regulated protein 78. These results suggest that biochanin A may have pharmacological properties that can ameliorate leptin resistance by reducing ER stress.
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