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A critical analysis of the potential of iron heterobimetallic complexes in anticancer research.

J Inorg Biochem

March 2025

Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.

Due to their diverse chemical properties and high ability to interact with biological molecules and cellular processes, transition metal-based compounds have emerged as promising candidates for cancer therapy. Iron complexes are among them, however, there is a gap in the comprehensive analysis of heterometallic iron complexes in the anticancer field. This review aims to fill this gap by summarizing recent progress in the study of Fe(II) and Fe(III) heterobimetallic complexes for anticancer applications and to gather important insights and future perspectives, with special emphasis on their theranostic capabilities.

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Heterobimetallic complexes of an ambidentate deferiprone derivative, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(3-((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)propyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one (PyPropHpH), incorporating an octahedral [Co(4N)] (4N = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) or tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (tpa)) and a half-sandwich type [(η--cym)Ru] (-cym = -cymene) entity have been synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques. The reaction between PyPropHpH and [Co(4N)Cl]Cl resulted in the exclusive (O,O) coordination of the ligand to Co(III) yielding [Co(tren)PyPropHp](PF) () and [Co(tpa)PyPropHp](PF) (). This binding mode was further supported by the molecular structure of [Co(tpa)PyPropHp](ClO)(OH)·6HO () and [Co(tren)PyPropHpH]Cl(PF)·2HO·CHOH (), respectively, obtained via the slow evaporation of the appropriate reaction mixtures and analyzed using X-ray crystallography.

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Dioxygen (O) is a potent oxidant used by aerobic organisms for energy transduction and critical biosynthetic processes. Numerous metalloenzymes harness O to mediate C-H bond hydroxylation reactions, but most commonly feature iron or copper ions in their active site cofactors. In contrast, many manganese-activated enzymes─such as glutamine synthetase and isocitrate lyase─perform redox neutral chemical transformations and very few are known to activate O or C-H bonds.

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Phosphaguanidinate yttrium carbene, carbyne and carbide complexes: three distinct C1 functionalities.

Dalton Trans

December 2024

Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.

The phosphaguanidinate rare-earth-metal bis(aminobenzyl) complexes [(PhP)C(NCHPr-2,6)]Ln(CHCH NMe-) (Ln = Y(1-Y) and Lu(1-Lu)) were synthesized by the protonolysis of (PhP)[C(NHR)(NR)] (R = 2,6-(Pr)CH) with Ln(CHCHNMe-) (Ln = Y and Lu). Interestingly, the ring-opening rearrangement product [-MeNCHCHC(NCHPr-2,6)]Lu(CHCHNMe-)[O(CH)PPh] (2) was obtained when the acid-base reaction was carried out in THF solution at 60 °C for 36 h. Additionally, the trinuclear homometallic yttrium multimethyl/methylidene complex {[(PhP)C(NCHPr-2,6)]Y(μ-Me)}(μ-Me)(μ-CH) (3) was synthesized by the treatment of 1-Y with AlMe (2 equiv.

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Tunability in Heterobimetallic Complexes Featuring an Acyclic "Tiara" Polyether Motif.

Inorg Chem

January 2025

Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States.

Both cyclic "crown" and acyclic "tiara" polyethers have been recognized as useful for the binding of metal cations and enabling the assembly of multimetallic complexes. However, the properties of heterobimetallic complexes built upon acyclic polyethers have received less attention than they deserve. Here, the synthesis and characterization of a family of eight redox-active heterobimetallic complexes that pair a nickel center with secondary redox-inactive cations (K, Na, Li, Sr, Ca, Zn, La, and Lu) bound in acyclic polyether "tiara" moieties are reported.

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