Soil moisture influences plant growth and hydrological processes. Studying the response characteristics of soil moisture to winter rainfall under different vegetation types in humid karst areas is important for optimizing the restoration patterns in these areas. To this end, we monitored the soil moisture content of arable, grassland, shrub, and forest areas in the karst of Guanling County, Guizhou Province, China, at 10-min intervals. The rainfall threshold for the soil moisture response was the smallest in grassland areas. Under different vegetation types, the soil moisture increase tended to be maximized in light-rainfall events and minimized in medium-rainfall events. Moreover, the increase in soil moisture in the profile under the different vegetation types generally decreased with increasing soil depth during light and rainstorm events, but the opposite variation pattern was observed during moderate-rainfall events. In different rainfall events, the soil moisture recharge and soil moisture decrease were greatest in grassland areas. Among the vegetation types, shrubs maintained the highest mean soil moisture content in winter, with a higher recharge and a smaller decrease in soil moisture. This suggests that shrubs can better maintain their soil moisture content in winter than other vegetation types, which has implications for the selection of regional vegetation restoration patterns.
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