In this study, we investigated the concentration distribution of parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives in the effluents of 5 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Beijing, China for eight months. We first identified the coexistence of PAHs, chlorinated PAHs (Cl-PAHs), brominated PAHs (Br-PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) in the effluents of WWTPs. Three Cl-PAHs and 7 Br-PAHs were first found. The total concentrations of PAHs, Cl-PAHs, Br-PAHs and OPAHs ranged from 8.99-88.38, n.d.-5.70, n.d.-13.11 ng L and 15.47-106.92 ng L, respectively. In terms of temporal distributions, the total concentrations of PAHs and OPAHs presented a decreasing trend from April to November and the total concentrations of Cl-PAHs and Br-PAHs fluctuated at lower levels. These results indicated that these compounds will be long-term discharged into the receiving river. In addition, Cl-PAHs, Br-PAHs and OPAHs were likely generated by transformations occurring during chlorination disinfection. For ecological risk assessment, risk quotients of 6 compounds, indeno[1,2,3-cd] pyrene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, 6-bromobenzo[a]pyrene, 1,8-dibromopyrene and 1,6-dibromopyrene, were thought to indicate high ecological risk (fish). Furthermore, Cl-PAHs, Br-PAHs and OPAHs in the effluents of WWTPs can cause more serious environmental hazards than the corresponding PAHs.
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