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Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on how os trigonum and Stieda process contribute to posterior ankle impingement syndrome (PAIS), which is typically diagnosed using imaging techniques, but these may miss deeper tissue issues.* -
  • Researchers reviewed 111 cases of patients who underwent posterior ankle and hindfoot arthroscopy (PAHA) for PAIS due to trigonal impingement to identify any additional conditions present.* -
  • Results showed that 58.6% of patients had associated pathologies, especially flexor hallucis longus (FHL) disorders, with significant differences in outcomes based on whether the cause was os trigonum or Stieda.*
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Posterolateral Corner of the Knee: An Update on Current Evaluation and Management Strategies.

J Am Acad Orthop Surg

January 2024

From the Ranawat Orthopaedic Research Foundation, New York, NY (Maniar), Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY (White), UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Musahl), and Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY (Ranawat).

Historically, the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee has been labelled as the "dark side" of the knee. The PLC is not a single structure but a confluence of multiple structures, including the lateral collateral ligament, popliteus muscle-tendon unit, and popliteofibular ligament. Understanding the individual components and their function is important to successfully identify these injuries.

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Background: A description of the precise locations of ligamentous and myotendinous injury patterns of acute posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries and their associated osseous and neurovascular injuries is lacking in the literature.

Purpose: To characterize the ligamentous and myotendinous injury patterns and zones of injury that occur in acute PLC injuries and determine associated rates of peroneal nerve palsies and vascular injuries, as well as fracture and dislocation.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

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