The iron-catalyzed δ-C(sp)-H bond difluoromethylthiolation and difluoromethylselenation of aliphatic amides with high site selectivity are reported. Essential to the success is the employment of an amide radical formed in situ to activate the inert C(sp)-H bond and the utilization of the easily handled PhSOSCFH and PhSOSeCFH as coupling reagents under mild conditions. This scalable protocol exhibits a broad substrate scope bearing versatile functional groups. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds through -SCFH and -SeCFH radical transfer.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01443 | DOI Listing |
Org Lett
October 2024
University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Organic Chemistry I, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
A modular site-selective iron-catalyzed radical amination of a number of phenol-containing biomolecules such as tyrosine-containing peptides, estrogens, and other phenol-based pharmaceuticals has been developed. The method features the use of the cost-efficient combination of FeBr as catalyst along with triflic acid as Brønsted acid, thereby enabling the predictable appendance of morpholine and related heterocycles at the C-H bond of phenols in a late-stage fashion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Catal
September 2024
Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
High-valent oxoiron species have been invoked as oxidizing agents in a variety of iron-dependent oxygenases. Taking inspiration from nature, selected nonheme iron complexes have been developed as catalysts to elicit C-H oxidation through the mediation of putative oxoiron(V) species, akin to those proposed for Rieske oxygenases. The addition of carboxylic acids in these iron-catalyzed C-H oxidations has proved highly beneficial in terms of product yields and selectivities, suggesting the direct involvement of iron(V)-oxo-carboxylato species.
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February 2024
Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes can overcome the strong bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of inert C(sp)-H bonds and thereby convert feedstock alkanes into value-added fine chemicals. Nevertheless, the high reactivity of HAT reagents, coupled with the small differences among various C(sp)-H bond strengths, renders site-selective transformations of straight-chain alkanes a great challenge. Here, we present a photocatalytic intermolecular radical sampling process for the iron-catalyzed borylation of terminal C(sp)-H bonds in substrates with small steric hindrance, including unbranched alkanes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
January 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois-Chicago, 845 West Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
We report the oxidative dimerization reaction of siloxydienes derived from simple enones that creates a new gamma-gamma (γ-γ) C-C bond using catalytic iron and benzoyl peroxide as the terminal oxidant in acetonitrile solvent at ambient temperature. The reaction shows a broad substrate scope including cyclic and acyclic siloxydienes derived from ketones, aldehydes, and esters, which are converted to 1,8-dicarbonyl compounds under mild catalytic reaction conditions in 19-89 % yield across 30 examples. The method is suitable for the coupling of sterically demanding carbon centers, including the formation of vicinal quaternary centers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
June 2023
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
The development of aryl alkyl sulfides as dichotomous electrophiles for site-selective silylation via C-S bond cleavage has been achieved. Iron-catalyzed selective cleavage of C(aryl)-S bonds can occur in the presence of β-diketimine ligands, and the cleavage of C(alkyl)-S bonds can be achieved by t-BuONa without the use of transition metals, resulting in the corresponding silylated products in moderate to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that Fe-Si species may undergo metathesis reactions during the cleavage of C(aryl)-S bonds, while silyl radicals are involved during the cleavage of C(alkyl)-S bonds.
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