Objective: Prior research has associated assisted injection with risk behaviors, but other risks such as injury, missed veins, and incidental exposures to blood-borne infections during an injection episode have not been assessed. In the following, we present the frequency of these other risks and determine factors associated with missing a vein and incidental blood exposure among people who inject drugs (PWID).
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from PWID who were recruited using targeted sampling in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California, during 2016 and 2017. The analytic sample consist of 336 participants who reported providing injection assistance in the last 6 months. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed for reporting the following risks: missing a vein; getting the recipient's blood on the injection provider; and getting blood on clothes or surfaces.
Results: In the last 6 months, the most common negative consequences were getting blood on clothes or surfaces (40%), getting the recipient's blood on the injection provider (23%), and missing a vein (17%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, missing the vein was significantly associated with higher odds of assisting a leg injection while getting the injection recipient's blood on the provider or getting blood on clothes or nearby surfaces was associated with higher odds of assisting a groin injection injecting in the groin.
Conclusion: Providing injection assistance can result in incidental blood exposures and injury, particularly when injecting in sensitive locations on the body. Harm reduction interventions to reduce risks associated with this practice are essential to improving the well-being of PWID.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9844096 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103297 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Evaluation of a Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant in the Crystalline Lens: A Case Report.
Int Med Case Rep J
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal.
Purpose: Ozurdex is a dexamethasone intravitreal implant approved for the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch or central retinal vein occlusion, non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment of the eye, and diabetic macular edema.
Patients And Methods: We report a case of an accidental injection of the implant into the crystalline lens, successfully managed by surgery afterwards. The case description is supported by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) images.
Preservation of the azygos vein versus ligation of the azygos vein during primary surgical repair of congenital esophageal atresia.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background: Esophageal atresia is one of the most common life-threatening congenital malformations and is defined as an interruption in the continuity of the esophagus with or without fistula to the trachea or bronchi. Definitive treatment is surgical ligation of the fistula if present and esophageal end-to-end anastomosis of the two pouches, thereby reconstructing the continuity of the esophagus. During this procedure, the surgeon may choose to either ligate or preserve the azygos vein, a major draining vein for the esophagus and surrounding structures, but no definitive consensus on the matter exists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCavernous Sinus Syndrome in a Traumatic Dissecting Aneurysm of the Internal Carotid Artery.
Cureus
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS.
We report a rare case of a missed intracavernous internal carotid artery dissecting aneurysm occurring as a complication of the base of skull fracture with severe brain injury causing acute cavernous sinus syndrome with permanent vision loss. A 31-year-old Myanmar lady had an alleged motor vehicle accident and suffered severe traumatic brain injury with multiple intracranial bleeds, multiple facial bone and base of skull fractures, and limb fractures. At one week post-trauma, she had severe right eye proptosis with vision loss, ophthalmoplegia, chemosis, and high intraocular pressure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConservative Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation Screening in Children: Re-Evaluation of Safety.
Pediatr Pulmonol
January 2025
Department of Pulmonology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
Introduction: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant vascular disease and screening to detect pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) is important to prevent complications. In adults, transthoracic contrast echocardiogram (TTCE) is used to screen PAVMs. In children, a conservative screening method seems to be sufficient to rule out major PAVMs and prevent them from PAVM-related complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnusual presentation of a patient with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections without a septal defect: a case report and literature review.
Int J Emerg Med
January 2025
Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: Partial anomalous pulmonary vein connections (PAPVC) are rare congenital abnormalities in which one or more pulmonary veins drain into the right atrium. This pathological condition may present in various ways, such as chest pain and dyspnea, or it may be diagnosed incidentally. Consequently, missed or late diagnoses are common, highlighting the importance of optimal diagnostic modalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!