The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease has disrupted human life worldwide and put the entire planet on standby. A resurgence of coronavirus infections has been confirmed in most countries, resulting in a second wave of the deadly virus. The infectious virus has symptoms ranging from an itchy throat to Pneumonia, resulting in the loss of thousands of human lives while globally infecting millions. Detecting the presence of COVID-19 as early as possible is critical, as it helps prevent further spread of disease and helps isolate and provide treatment to the infected patients. Recent radiological imaging findings confirm that lung X-ray and CT scans provide an excellent indication of the progression of COVID-19 infection in acute symptomatic carriers. This investigation aims to rapidly detect COVID-19 progression and non-COVID Pneumonia from lung X-ray images of heavily symptomatic patients. A novel and highly efficient COVID-DeepNet model is presented for the accurate and rapid prediction of COVID-19 infection using state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence techniques. The proposed model provides a multi-class classification of lung X-ray images into COVID-19, non-COVID Pneumonia, and normal (healthy). The proposed systems' performance is assessed based on the evaluation metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and f1 score. The current research employed a dataset size of 7500 X-ray samples. The high recognition accuracy of 99.67% was observed for the proposed COVID-DeepNet model, and it complies with the most recent state-of-the-art. The proposed COVID-DeepNet model is highly efficient and accurate, and it can assist radiologists and doctors in the early clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 infection for symptomatic patients.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102812 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Background: Dysregulated GABA/somatostatin (SST) signaling has been implicated in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The inhibition of excitatory neurons by SST+ interneurons, particularly through α5-containing GABAA receptors (α5-GABAAR), plays a crucial role in mitigating cognitive functions. Previous research demonstrated that an α5-positive allosteric modulator (α5-PAM) mitigates working memory deficits and reverses neuronal atrophy in aged mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Background: In preparation for therapeutic trails involving patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there is a need for valid, disease-specific caregiver-reported outcome (CRO) measures capable of tracking symptomatic burden in response to therapy over time. CROs are useful tools in clinical trials for individuals with AD, MCI, and dementia who are unable to self-report. In addition, CROs are accepted by the United States Food and Drug Administration to support regulatory claims.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Phase 3 randomized clinical trials within Alzheimer's Disease (AD) typically last over 18 months. Post-baseline participants can use additional treatment for Alzheimer's disease, potentially impacting the cognitive ability as evaluated by the primary endpoint. Consequently, this could overestimate or underestimate the treatment effect, depending on the distribution of usage between treatment arms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a formidable neurodegenerative challenge, characterized by profound cognitive decline. Despite decades of research, effective disease-modifying therapies are elusive. Recent advances in molecular neuropharmacology have unveiled potential therapeutic targets for AD, offering renewed hope.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, SL, Mexico.
Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by a decrease in cognitive and behavioral functions of patients. Between the multiple potential disease-modifying therapeutics for AD, we have monoclonal antibodies as aducanumab, lecanemab, and donanemab. Recent results from the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ trial, highlighted donanemab as a promising monoantibodies treatment of early symptomatic AD.
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