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Adolescent circadian rhythm disruption increases reward and risk-taking.
Front Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Introduction: Circadian rhythm disturbances have long been associated with the development of psychiatric disorders, including mood and substance use disorders. Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time for the onset of psychiatric disorders and for circadian rhythm and sleep disruptions. Preclinical studies have found that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) impacts the brain and behavior, but this research is largely focused on adult disruptions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating a computer-based body exposure paradigm for the treatment of body image disturbance in adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: effects on the attentional bias and emotions.
Front Psychol
December 2024
Department for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Background: A diagnostic criterion of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is body image disturbance. Body exposure therapy is a widely used approach to treat this; however, it is unclear which part of body exposure therapy is relevant for regaining a realistic perspective on the own body. This study aimed to examine the role of the attentional bias (AB), which AN patients exhibit to the most disliked parts of their body.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe neural mechanisms of emotional flexibility influenced by the emotional valence shift direction and preparation effect.
Int J Psychophysiol
December 2024
School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China. Electronic address:
Emotional flexibility refers to an individual's ability to change emotional responses in constantly changing environments to adapt to different situations. This study aims to use the Emotional Switching Task (EST) paradigm, combined with Electroencephalogram (EEG) technology and behavioral experiments, to explore the impact of emotional valence shift directions and preparation effects on the switching cost of emotional flexibility. The results found that when individuals switch from positive emotional valence to positive emotional valence, the switching cost is smaller than other transition directions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvestigating proactive aggression in patients with borderline personality disorder and major depressive disorder using a modified version of the Taylor aggression paradigm.
Front Psychol
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Introduction: Inappropriate reactive (provoked) aggression is common in various psychiatric disorders, including Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and, to a lesser extent, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Less is known about proactive (unprovoked) aggression in these patients, with mixed findings in the literature. Drawing from the current evidence, we expect higher trait aggression in both patient groups and higher behavioral proactive aggression and physiological arousal in patients with BPD compared to both MDD and healthy participants (HC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIodine Deficiency Hypothyroidism Among Children in the United States - 21st Century Resurgence?
AACE Clin Case Rep
August 2024
Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Background/objective: Iodine deficiency hypothyroidism is an important cause of neurocognitive and motor impairment in children globally. In the United States, universal salt iodization, which began in the 1920s, led to a dramatic decline in iodine deficiency hypothyroidism. However, iodine deficiency may be reemerging due to increased consumption of noniodized salts, decreased dairy iodine concentrations, and decreased intake of iodine containing foods due to food allergies, dietary preferences such as vegan diets, or restrictive food intake disorders.
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