Economic impact assessment of small ruminant fasciolosis in Nigeria using pooled prevalence obtained from literature and field epidemiological data.

Small ruminant fasciolosis (SRF) is a snail - borne disease, transmitted by tropical freshwater snail, Lymnaea (Radix) natalensis in Nigeria. Fasciolosis in small ruminants is often neglected and information on the prevalence and economic losses are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SRF and provide estimated annual economic losses associated with the disease. Meta-analysis revealed pooled prevalence of 2.1% (95%CI: 0.0-5.8) in studies across Nigeria, while the distribution of L. natalensis was 13.2% (95%CI: 11.6-14.1) among collected snails. Approximately 29.4% livestock owners disagree with veterinary inspectors on the liver condemnation of their slaughtered animals in the abattoir during meat inspection. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between SRF in sheep and goats. Mortality cost was estimated at US$ 55,671,620, while total liver condemnation was US$ 552,448. Direct losses were estimated at US$ 60,132,318 and indirect losses at US$ 17,807,706. The overall economic losses attributable to SRF in Nigeria was estimated at US$ 77,940,024 / annum (equivalent to 28.06 billion naira). Fasciolosis in small ruminant remains a major concern for Nigerian livestock industry. The present and future impact of the disease was further discussed. Considering the high economic burden of fasciolosis in small ruminants, improved disease surveillance and meat inspection, regular treatment and control campaigns are important to reduce infection rates and economic losses.