Synapses are specialized sites where neurons connect and communicate with each other. Activity-dependent modification of synaptic structure and function provides a mechanism for learning and memory. The advent of high-resolution time-lapse imaging in conjunction with fluorescent biosensors and actuators enables researchers to monitor and manipulate the structure and function of synapses both in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on recent imaging studies on the synaptic modification underlying learning and memory.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.015 | DOI Listing |
Langmuir
January 2025
Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.
Biological memory is the ability to develop, retain, and retrieve information over time. Currently, it is widely accepted that memories are stored in synapses (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Trace Elem Res
January 2025
Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 4 Bei Jing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China.
Chronic fluorosis is often accompanied by neurological symptoms, leading to attention, memory and learning ability decline and causing tension, anxiety, depression, and other mental symptoms. In the present study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms of SIRT1-BDNF regulation of PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and FOXO1A in F-treated BV2 cells. The cytotoxic effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on BV2 cells was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), crystal violet, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Biochem Biophys
January 2025
Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
Histone acetylation is the process by which histone acetyltransferases (HATs) add an acetyl group to the N-terminal lysine residues of histones, resulting in a more open chromatin structure. Histone acetylation tends to increase gene expression more than methylation does. In the central nervous system (CNS), histone acetylation is essential for controlling the expression of genes linked to cognition and learning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLearn Mem
January 2025
Psychology Department, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, USA
Social isolation is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to these effects, because they are in a critical period of development marked by significant physical, hormonal, and social changes. However, it is unclear if the effects of social isolation on learning and memory are similar in both sexes or if they persist into adulthood after a period of recovery.
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