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Developments in chemical protein synthesis have enabled the generation of tailor-made proteins including incorporation of many types of modifications into proteins, enhancing our ability to control site-specificity of protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs), modify protein backbones and introduce photocrosslinking probes. For PDZ (postsynaptic density protein, disks large, zonula occludens) protein domains, expressed protein ligation (EPL) has been employed to introduce analogs of cognate amino acids, amide-to-ester bond mutations, and phosphorylations in the study of PDZ domain-mediated protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Here, we present protocols for EPL of PDZ domains focusing on phosphorylation and amide-to-ester modifications in the PDZ domain proteins.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1166-1_12 | DOI Listing |
MicroPubl Biol
February 2025
Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SMCT1) is a membrane transporter abundantly expressed in colon, kidney, thyroid, brain; and silenced in cancer cells. It transports monocarboxylic acids with little specificity into cells. Based on pulldown experiments, it was proposed that the scaffolding protein PDZ Domain Containing 1 (PDZK1) regulates its surface expression and increases SMCT1's transportation efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Theory Comput
March 2025
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), characterized by a lack of defined tertiary structure, are ubiquitous and indispensable components of cellular machinery. These proteins participate in a diverse array of biological processes, often undergoing conformational transitions upon binding to their target, a phenomenon termed "folding-upon-binding." The finding raises the question of how to achieve rapid binding kinetics in the presence of intrinsic disorder, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
There is a growing concern worldwide about the potential harmful effects of anesthesia on brain development, based on studies in both humans and animals. In infants, repeated anesthesia exposure is linked to learning disabilities and attention disorders. Similarly, laboratory studies in mice show that neonates exposed to general anesthesia experience long-term cognitive and behavioral impairments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistochem Cell Biol
February 2025
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus and Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Epithelial homeostasis ensures that the epithelium can perform its normal physiological functions. Mechanical signaling response through integrin-mediated adhesions of the basement membrane (BM) is crucial for maintaining epithelial homeostasis. The essential mechanosensors YAP and the paralog TAZ (YAP/TAZ) have been shown to play a critical role in epithelial homeostasis, but the key regulator that mediates mechanical signaling to YAP/TAZ in maintaining epithelial homeostasis has not been fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
January 2025
Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
The oncogenes yes-associated protein () and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif () are potent liver oncogenes. Because gene mutations cannot fully explain their nuclear enrichment, we aim to understand which mechanisms cause activation in liver cancer cells. The combination of proteomics and functional screening identified numerous apical cell polarity complex proteins interacting with YAP and TAZ.
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