Encephalitis is one of the rare complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that can be missed and confused with other causes of encephalitis. There was a 36-year-old male known to have glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, who was brought to the emergency department with fever and confusion of one-week duration. Altered mental status work-up, including cerebrospinal fluid analysis, was done and turned out to be nondiagnostic. Multiple prolonged video-electroencephalographic recordings were done and showed different abnormalities suggestive of encephalitis. The diagnosis of COVID-19-induced encephalitis was made by exclusion of other encephalitis-related etiologies in the presence of a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, and treatment was initiated accordingly. Over a period of three weeks, the patient showed progressive improvement and was discharged home with regular follow-up in the neurology clinic. Upon follow-up in the clinic, the patient was fully independent but with multiple abnormal electroencephalographic recordings showing generalized encephalopathy with no epileptic discharges.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.14476 | DOI Listing |
Pathol Res Pract
August 2024
Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400347, Romania.
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), presents diverse clinical manifestations and multi-organ involvement. This study aimed to evaluate the extra-pulmonary histopathological patterns underpinning COVID-19-induced lesions in cardiac, hepatic, renal, brainstem, and splenic tissues.
Materials And Methods: The research involved conventional forensic autopsies conducted between April 2020 and April 2021 on individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Front Neurosci
April 2023
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Trieste, Clinical Unit of Neurology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
Introduction: Among the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, neurological features have been commonly reported and the state-of-the-art technique suggests several mechanisms of action providing a pathophysiological rationale for central and peripheral neurological system involvement. However, during the 1 months of the pandemic, clinicians were challenged to find the best therapeutic options to treat COVID-19-related neurological conditions.
Methods: We explored the indexed medical literature in order to answer the question of whether IVIg could be included as a valid weapon in the therapeutic arsenal against COVID-19-induced neurological disorders.
Iran J Child Neurol
March 2023
Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan. Iran.
Autoimmune encephalitis is an inflammatory condition caused by different factors, including viral infections, diagnosed after ruling out other causes of encephalitis. The current study reported novel autoimmune encephalitis in an 11-year-old girl who presented with seizures, cognitive dysfunction, and neurological impairments. During the admission, the researchers observed high levels of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
February 2023
Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may result in cardiovascular complications such as myocarditis, while encephalitis is a potentially life-threatening COVID-19-associated central nervous system complication. This case illustrates the possibility of developing severe multisystem symptoms from a COVID-19 infection, despite having received the COVID-19 vaccine within the year. Delay in treatment for myocarditis and encephalopathy can lead to permanent and possibly fatal damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Nerve
July 2022
Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes neurological symptoms in a high percentage of patients and is associated with various types of encephalitides and encephalopathies, which are etiologically classified into (a)direct infection of the central nervous system with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and resultant meningoencephalitis (this is a rare presentation), (b)COVID-19-induced cytokine storms, which trigger endothelial cell injury, blood-brain barrier disruption, and microangiopathy and consequent encephalopathy and, (c)autoimmune encephalitis secondary to para- or post-infectious mechanisms that play a key role during the acute or post-COVID-19 phase. Notably, some patients present with neurological symptoms as the first manifestation. Radiologically characteristic encephalitides and encephalopathies, such as acute necrotizing encephalopathy, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion are also complicated by COVID-19.
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