Background: Blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier transporters affect the influx and efflux of drugs. The antiretrovirals tenofovir and emtricitabine may be substrates of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-CSF barrier transporters, but data are limited regarding the pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics of their central nervous system (CNS) penetration.
Objectives: We investigated genetic polymorphisms associated with CSF disposition of tenofovir and emtricitabine.
Method: We collected paired plasma and CSF samples from 47 HIV-positive black South African adults who were virologically suppressed on efavirenz, tenofovir and emtricitabine. We considered 1846 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from seven relevant transporter genes ( and ) and 782 met a linkage disequilibrium (LD)-pruning threshold.
Results: The geometric mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) values for tenofovir and emtricitabine CSF-to-plasma concentration ratios were 0.023 (0.021-0.026) and 0.528 (0.460-0.605), respectively. In linear regression models, the lowest -value for association with the tenofovir CSF-to-plasma ratio was rs1989830 ( = 1.2 × 10) and for emtricitabine, it was rs11921035 ( = 1.4 × 10). None withstood correction for multiple testing.
Conclusion: No genetic polymorphisms were associated with plasma, CSF concentrations or CSF-to-plasma ratios for either tenofovir or emtricitabine.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v22i1.1206 | DOI Listing |
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