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Peripherally administered amylin inhibits stress-like behaviors and enhances cognitive performance.
Physiol Behav
February 2022
DGP Scientific Inc., Del Mar, CA 92014 United States.
Amylin, a 37 amino acid peptide pancreatic hormone co-secreted with insulin, normalizes the altered eating patterns induced by chronic stress in the rat. Because these stress-induced changes are driven, in part, by brain corticotropin-releasing factor and corticosterone, and because alterations in the activity of these molecules and the stress system are commonly associated with neuropsychiatric diseases like anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia, we hypothesized that amylin might mitigate behavioral states associated with stress. Therefore, we tested the effects of rat amylin in rodent-based behavioral assays sensitive to neuropsychiatric drugs, including anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic, and cognitive enhancing drugs: stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH); marble burying; elevated plus maze (EPM)), forced swim test (FST), pre-pulse inhibition, and phencyclidine-induced locomotion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHippocampal neural activity reflects the economy of choices during goal-directed navigation.
Hippocampus
July 2017
Psychology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Distinguishing spatial contexts is likely essential for the well-known role of the hippocampus in episodic memory. We studied whether types of hippocampal neural organization thought to underlie context discrimination are impacted by learned economic considerations of choice behavior. Hippocampal place cells and theta activity were recorded as rats performed a maze-based probability discounting task that involved choosing between a small certain reward or a large probabilistic reward.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMagnetic field polarity fails to influence the directional signal carried by the head direction cell network and the behavior of rats in a task requiring magnetic field orientation.
Behav Neurosci
December 2012
Department of Psychology, California State University, USA.
Many different species of animals including mole rats, pigeons, and sea turtles are thought to use the magnetic field of the earth for navigational guidance. While laboratory rats are commonly used for navigational research, and brain networks have been described in these animals that presumably mediate accurate spatial navigation, little has been done to determine the role of the geomagnetic field in these brain networks and in the navigational behavior of these animals. In Experiment 1, anterior thalamic head direction (HD) cells were recorded in female Long-Evans rats while they foraged in an environment subjected to an experimentally generated magnetic field of earth-strength intensity, the polarity of which could be shifted from one session to another.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMelatonin MT(1/2) receptor stimulation reduces cortical overflow of cholecystokinin-like material in a model of anticipation of social defeat in the rat.
Neuropharmacology
June 2004
INSERM U. 288, NeuroPsychoPharmacologie Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Fonctionnelle, France.
The involvement of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the potential anxiolytic-like effects of melatonin and of the antitumor MT(1/2) receptor agonist, S23478, was assessed by measuring the cortical outflow of CCK-like material (CCKLM) in a rat model of anticipation of social defeat. After repeated social defeats by a male Tryon Maze Dull (TMD) rat, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were implanted for microdialysis in the frontal cortex and placed in the same environment as for the defeated sessions, but no confrontation with the TMD rat was allowed. Anticipation of social defeat induced anxiety-like behaviors (immobility, ultrasonic vocalization, defensive postures) associated with a significant increase (approximately +90%) in cortical CCKLM outflow in SD rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhanced cortical extracellular levels of cholecystokinin-like material in a model of anticipation of social defeat in the rat.
J Neurosci
January 2001
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U. 288, NeuroPsychoPharmacologie Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Fonctionnelle, and Service de Biochimie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France.
The involvement of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the mechanisms of stress and/or anxiety was assessed by in vivo microdialysis in rats subjected to a social stress paradigm. During the initial 30 min period of each conditioning session, a male Sprague Dawley rat (intruder) was placed in a protective cage inside the cage of a male Tryon Maze Dull rat (resident), allowing unrestricted visual, olfactory, and auditory contacts but precluding close physical contact between them. During the following 15 min period, both the protective cage and the resident were removed (nondefeated intruders) or only the protective cage was removed allowing the resident to attack the intruder (defeated rats).
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