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Breastfeeding Trends Following the US Infant Formula Shortage.
Pediatrics
December 2024
Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.
Objective: Breastfeeding enhances maternal and child health, yet US breastfeeding rates remain below optimal levels and substantial disparities persist. The 2022 infant formula crisis had the potential to influence infant feeding practices due to formula shortages and fears about the safety of formula feeding in the wake of recalls. This report studies the evolution of breastfeeding-initiation trends during the infant formula crisis and compares the effects across subpopulations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrigin stories: how does learned migratory behaviour arise in populations?
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc
December 2024
Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA.
Although decades of research have deepened our understanding of the proximate triggers and ultimate drivers of migrations for a range of taxa, how populations establish migrations remains a mystery. However, recent studies have begun to illuminate the interplay between genetically inherited and learned migrations, opening the door to the evaluation of how migration may be learned, established, and maintained. Nevertheless, for migratory species where the role of learning is evident, we lack a comprehensive framework for understanding how populations learn specific routes and refine migratory movements over time (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNumerous management methods are deployed to try to mitigate the destructive impact of weedy and invasive populations. Yet, such management practices may cause these populations to inadvertently evolve in ways that have consequence on their invasiveness. To test this idea, we conducted a two-step field mesocosm experiment; we evolved genetically diverse populations of the duckweed to targeted removal management and then tested the impact of that evolution in replicated invasions into experimental resident communities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProgress of Chinese Medicine in Regulating Microglial Polarization against Alzheimer's Disease.
Am J Chin Med
December 2024
Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P. R. China.
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the predominant form of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by a subtle onset and a spectrum of cognitive and functional declines. The clinical manifestation of AD encompasses memory deficits, cognitive deterioration, and behavioral disturbances, culminating in a severe impairment of daily living skills. Despite its high prevalence, accounting for 60-70% of all dementia cases, there remains an absence of curative therapeutics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) in hydrochars and biochars: Review of recent evidence, pollution levels, critical gaps, formation mechanisms and regulations.
J Hazard Mater
November 2024
Energy and Resources Institute, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Purple 12.01.08, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia. Electronic address:
Contamination of chars with dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) significantly limits their use and hinders their deployment in the circular bioeconomy, specifically in applications that may lead to dietary exposure. Here, for the first time, we review the levels of contamination of chars produced from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) with dl-PCB congeners. We conduct a detailed and critical examination of the role played by the processing parameters, such as temperature and residence time, and the reaction mechanisms, to detoxify the biomass under an oxygen-free atmosphere during its valorisation.
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