Image Integration Using Intracardiac Echography and Three-dimensional Reconstruction for Mapping and Ablation of Atrial and Ventricular Arrhythmias.

This article reviews the basis for image integration of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) with three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping systems and preprocedural cardiac imaging modalities to enhance anatomic understanding and improve guidance for atrial and ventricular ablation procedures. It discusses the technical aspects of ICE-based integration and the clinical evidence for its use. In addition, it presents the current technical limitations and future directions for this technology. This article also includes figures and videos of clinical representative arrhythmia cases where the use of ICE is key to a safe and successful outcome.