Clinical Appearance of Medial Ankle Instability.

Foot Ankle Clin

Center of Excellence for Foot and Ankle Surgery, Kantonsspital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland.

Published: June 2021

Whereas tenderness, ecchymosis, and swelling over the deltoid ligament have relatively poor sensitivity, resulting valgus and pronation deformity that is seen to disappear when the patient is asked to activate the posterior tibial muscle or to go in tiptoe position is the hallmark for the presence of medial ankle instability. A pain on palpation at anteromedial edge of the ankle confirms the diagnosis. Various stress tests permit to confirm and specify the injury pattern. A pseudo hallux rigidus is the consequence of a hyperactivity of flexor hallucis longus muscle to protect the foot against the valgus and pronation deformity.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcl.2021.03.004DOI Listing

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