Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) have become an emerging challenge for neurologists worldwide with the rise of brain injuries. Trauma can lead to various outcomes, ranging from naive spasms to debilitating post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). In this article, we will explore the pathogenesis of convulsions following a concussion. We will look at multiple studies to explain the various structural, metabolic, and inflammatory changes leading to seizures. Additionally, we will explore the association between severity and location of injury and PTE. PTE's pathophysiology is not entirely implicit, and we are still in the dark as to which anti-epileptic drugs will be useful in circumventing these attacks. The purpose of this narrative review is to explain the post-traumatic brain changes in detail so that such attacks can be either thwarted or treated more resourcefully in the future.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.14395 | DOI Listing |
Epilepsy Behav
January 2025
Centro de Estudios Cerebrales, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Electronic address:
Traumatic brain injury is a significant risk factor for the development of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), posing a major clinical challenge. This review discusses the critical role of GABAergic interneurons and reactive astrogliosis in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic epilepsy, integrating findings from our research group within the traumatic brain injury context with recent literature to highlight the impact of excitation-inhibition imbalance. We analyzed alterations in interneuron populations, specifically subtypes expressing the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calretinin, and calbindin, and their association with an increased risk of epileptogenesis after TBI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
December 2024
Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Scientific Direction, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy.
: Chronobiology has gained attention in the context of paediatric neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including migraine, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Disruptions in circadian rhythms are associated with key symptoms such as sleep disturbances, mood dysregulation, and cognitive impairments, suggesting a potential for chronobiology-based therapeutic approaches. : This narrative review employs a systematic approach to identify relevant studies through searches of three major scientific databases, NCBI/PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, up to July 2024.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurotrauma
January 2025
Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) often impair daily activities and mental health (MH), which contribute to long-term TBI-related disability. PTE also affects driving capacity, which impacts functional independence, community participation, and satisfaction with life (SWL). However, studies evaluating the collective impact of PTE on multidimensional outcomes are lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurol
December 2024
Department of Human Repair, Neurosurgery, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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