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Gene content, phage cycle regulation model and prophage inactivation disclosed by prophage genomics in the Genome Project.
Gut Microbes
August 2024
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Prophages significantly influence the characteristics of pathogenic bacteria, yet their ecological and evolutionary roles, particularly in bacteria linked to gastric cancer, are not well understood.
- A comprehensive analysis of 1,011 complete clinical genomes revealed that 29.5% contain prophages, with only 32.2% being complete, and their distribution varies by geography and ancestry but not by the disease status of hosts.
- The study uncovered mechanisms of prophage inactivation and proposed a new model for regulating the lysogenic-lytic cycle, providing a deeper understanding of how prophages impact bacterial genetics and adaptation.
A unique human cord blood CD8CD45RACD27CD161 T-cell subset identified by flow cytometric data analysis using Seurat.
Immunology
September 2024
Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Advances in single-cell level analytical techniques, especially cytometric approaches, have led to profound innovation in biomedical research, particularly in the field of clinical immunology. This has resulted in an expansion of high-dimensional data, posing great challenges for comprehensive and unbiased analysis. Conventional manual analysis is thus becoming untenable to handle these challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLoss of the stress sensor GADD45A promotes stem cell activity and ferroptosis resistance in LGR4/HOXA9-dependent AML.
Blood
July 2024
Cancer and Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
The overall prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains dismal, largely because of the inability of current therapies to kill leukemia stem cells (LSCs) with intrinsic resistance. Loss of the stress sensor growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 alpha (GADD45A) is implicated in poor clinical outcomes, but its role in LSCs and AML pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we define GADD45A as a key downstream target of G protein-coupled receptor (LGR)4 pathway and discover a regulatory role for GADD45A loss in promoting leukemia-initiating activity and oxidative resistance in LGR4/HOXA9-dependent AML, a poor prognosis subset of leukemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn-Vitro Evaluation of Photofunctionalized Implant Surfaces in a High-Glucose Microenvironment Simulating Diabetics.
J Funct Biomater
February 2023
Head Division of Dental Biomaterials, Director a.i. Clinic of Masticatory Disorders, Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of photofunctionalization on commercially available dental implant surfaces in a high-glucose environment. Discs of three commercially available implant surfaces were selected with various nano- and microstructural alterations (Group 1-laser-etched implant surface, Group 2-titanium-zirconium alloy surface, Group 3-air-abraded, large grit, acid-etched surface). They were subjected to photo-functionalization through UV irradiation for 60 and 90 min.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrom cells to organoids: The evolution of blood-brain barrier technology for modelling drug delivery in brain cancer.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev
May 2023
Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; UNSW RNA Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Brain cancer is the most lethal type of cancer and poses a significant challenge for treatment due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is difficult for most drugs to penetrate.
- The BBB gets disrupted in brain cancers, creating a different barrier called the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), complicating therapy even further.
- To improve treatment options, there is a need for better in vitro models that accurately simulate the BBB and BBTB, and 3D cell systems are emerging as promising tools for researching brain cancer therapies and drug delivery.
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