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Flavins and Flavoproteins in the Neuroimmune Landscape of Stress Sensitization and Major Depressive Disorder.
J Inflamm Res
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common and severe neuropsychiatric condition resulting in irregular alterations in affect, mood, and cognition. Besides the well-studied neurotransmission-related etiologies of MDD, several biological systems and phenomena, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cytokine signaling, have been implicated as being altered and contributing to depressive symptoms. However, the manner in which these factors interact with each other to induce their effects on MDD development has been less clear, but is beginning to be understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFπ-π stacking interactions in tryptophan-lumiflavin-tyrosine: a structural model for riboflavin insertion into riboflavin-binding protein.
J Mol Model
January 2025
Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA.
Context: Riboflavin (RF), also known as B2 vitamin, is the precursor to flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), two co-enzymes involved in many electron transport processes. Interactions of the isoalloxazine ring, common to all three compounds, are of great interest due to their biological function in flavoproteins and relevance in the transport by the carrier protein leading to development of drug delivery strategies and non-invasive diagnostics techniques. Based on protein crystallographic data, a computational investigation of the interactions in the complexes between lumiflavin, a model compound, and aromatic amino acids, tyrosine and tryptophan, was pursued with the goal of characterizing noncovalent interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdaptive Laboratory Evolution of Flavin Functionality Identifies Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase as One of the Critical Points for the Activity of 7,8-Didemethyl-Riboflavin as a Surrogate for Riboflavin in .
Molecules
December 2024
Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Riboflavin analogs lacking one methyl group (7α or 8α) can still serve as a surrogate for riboflavin in riboflavin-deficient microorganisms or animals. The absence of both methyl groups at once completely abolishes this substitution capability. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon, we performed an adaptive laboratory evolution experiment (in triplicate) on an strain auxotrophic for riboflavin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLight regulation of flavin reduction by NAD(P)H: Activation of 2-haloacrylate hydratase.
Arch Biochem Biophys
February 2025
Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA. Electronic address:
We report a novel light-dependent activation mechanism for 2-haloacrylate hydratase (2HAH), a flavin-dependent dehalogenase. Initial assays revealed inconsistent enzyme activity, stabilized only after chemical reduction or exposure to bright light. Spectroscopic analysis showed that light accelerates flavin reduction by NAD(P)H, completing in 30 s under bright light versus slow reduction in the dark.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKinetic studies of bifurcating flavoproteins.
Arch Biochem Biophys
February 2025
Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, USA; The Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, USA.
Since their original proposal in 2008, a number of broadly distributed flavoprotein systems catalyzing electron bifurcation have been identified that play key roles in the bioenergetics of anaerobic bacteria and archaea. While the overall thermodynamics of flavin-based electron bifurcation are now quite well-understood, the same cannot be said of their kinetic behavior. The present account represents a summary of results obtained with several electron-electron bifurcating systems, shamelessly focusing on work done in the authors' laboratory.
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