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Information about disease burden and the available infrastructure and workforce to care for patients with kidney disease was collected for the second edition of the International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas. This paper presents findings for the 8 countries in the South Asia region. The World Bank categorizes Afghanistan and Nepal as low-income; Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Pakistan as lower-middle-income; and Sri Lanka and the Maldives as upper-middle-income countries. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in South Asia ranged from 5.01% to 13.24%. Long-term hemodialysis and long-term peritoneal dialysis are available in all countries, but Afghanistan lacks peritoneal dialysis services. Kidney transplantation was available in all countries except Bhutan and Maldives. Hemodialysis was the dominant modality of long-term dialysis, peritoneal dialysis was more expensive than hemodialysis, and kidney transplantation overwhelmingly depended on living donors. Bhutan provided public funding for kidney replacement therapy (dialysis and transplantation); Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh had variable funding mechanisms; and Afghanistan relied solely on out-of-pocket expenditure. There were shortages of health care personnel across the entire region. Reporting was variable: Afghanistan and Sri Lanka have dialysis registries but publish no reports, whereas Bangladesh has a transplant registry. South Asia has a large, but poorly documented burden of CKD. Diabetes and hypertension are the major causes of CKD throughout the region with a higher prevalence of infectious causes in Afghanistan and a high burden of CKD of an unknown cause in Sri Lanka and parts of India. The extent and quality of care delivery is suboptimal and variable. Sustainable strategies need to be developed to address the growing burden of CKD in the region.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.kisu.2021.01.006 | DOI Listing |
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December 2024
Department of Economics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
This study investigates the relationship between out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare spending, economic growth, population growth, and government health expenditure as a proportion of general government expenditure using National Health Accounts (NHA) estimates. Out-of-Pocket (OOP) healthcare spending imposes a substantial financial burden on households, especially in developing economies such as India. Understanding the factors that influence OOP payments is crucial for policymakers seeking to enhance healthcare systems and achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAsia Pac J Public Health
December 2024
University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major global health concern, affecting maternal and child health. Although genetic predispositions and individual medical histories are well-recognized risk factors, emerging research suggests a significant impact of external factors like neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics. This study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes the association between neighborhood deprivation and GDM incidence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
December 2024
Department of Physical Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
Introduction: In order to identify effective strategies for enhancing a high-quality physical education system, it is imperative to undertake research that examines the nuances of educational culture, specifically focusing on the psychological experiences of early adolescents within physical education classes. This study aims to compare self-determination, peer-relationships, and feelings of alienation in physical education among adolescents from Korea and China, both situated in East Asia, with respect to their nationality and gender.
Methods: One hundred and twenty two early adolescent males ( = 14.
World J Clin Oncol
December 2024
Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larisa GR41334, Thessalía, Greece.
Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, ranking seventh in incidence and sixth cancer-related deaths globally. EC is classified in two main types, the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), with ESCC being more common in Eastern Europe, South Asia, and Africa, while EAC is prevalent in Western Europe and North America. Molecular analysis identifies three subgroups of ESCC, each with distinct genetic mutations and treatment responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcol Evol
December 2024
Kunming Botanical Garden, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China.
The genus is widely distributed, primarily in East Asia. is located at the northern limit of this genus distribution, and understanding changes in its distribution is crucial for understanding the evolution of plants in this region, as well as their relationship with geological history and climate change. Moreover, the classification of sect.
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