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Immune responses to avian influenza viruses in chickens.
Virology
January 2025
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address:
Chickens are a key species in both the manifestation of avian influenza and the potential for zoonotic transmission. Avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in chickens can range from asymptomatic or mild disease with low pathogenic AIVs (LPAIVs) to systemic fatal disease with high pathogenic AIVs (HPAIVs). During AIV infection in chickens, Toll-like receptor 7 and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 are upregulated to detect the single-stranded ribonucleic acid genomes of AIV, triggering a signaling cascade that produces interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViral and immune dynamics of genital human papillomavirus infections in young women with high temporal resolution.
PLoS Biol
January 2025
CIRB, CNRS, INSERM, Collège de France, Université PSL, Paris, France.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections drive one in 20 new cancer cases, exerting a particularly high burden on women. Most anogenital HPV infections are cleared in less than two years, but the underlying mechanisms that favour persistence in around 10% of women remain largely unknown. Notwithstanding, it is precisely this information that is crucial for improving treatment, screening, and vaccination strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLung-resident lymphocytes and their roles in respiratory infections and chronic respiratory diseases.
Chin Med J Pulm Crit Care Med
December 2024
Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Recent scientific breakthroughs have blurred traditional boundaries between innate and adaptive immunity, revealing a sophisticated network of tissue-resident cells that deliver immediate, localized immune responses. These lymphocytes not only provide rapid frontline defense but also present a paradoxical role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and the long-term tissue consequences of viral infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review traverses the intricate landscape of lung-resident lymphocytes, delving into their origins, diverse functions, and their dualistic impact on pulmonary health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman ACE2 transgenic pigs are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and develop COVID-19-like disease.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Animal models that accurately reflect COVID-19 are vital for understanding mechanisms of disease and advancing development of improved vaccines and therapeutics. Pigs are increasingly recognized as valuable models for human disease due to their genetic, anatomical, physiological, and immunological similarities to humans, and they present a more ethically viable alternative to non-human primates. However, pigs are not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection which limits their utility as a model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe microenvironment cell index is a novel indicator for the prognosis and therapeutic regimen selection of cancers.
J Transl Med
January 2025
Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
Background: It is worthwhile to establish a prognostic prediction model based on microenvironment cells (MCs) infiltration and explore new treatment strategies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Methods: The xCell algorithm was used to quantify the cellular components of the TNBC microenvironment based on bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) data. The MCs index (MCI) was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox (LASSO-Cox) regression analysis.
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