Understanding of the fracture mechanism of metal-organic framework glasses remains limited. Using reactive molecular dynamics simulations, we here find that three zeolitic imidazolate framework glasses exhibit pronounced nanoductility upon fracture. This fracture behavior is confirmed by fracture toughness predictions. The results indicate that a model based on a purely brittle fracture significantly underestimates the simulated fracture toughness. We ascribe the nanoductility to a Zn-N bond switching mechanism, which is found to be more pronounced for smaller organic linkers. Thus, this study provides insights into the fracture mechanism of the low-toughness, yet nanoductile metal-organic framework glasses.
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BMJ Open
December 2024
School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast MDBS, Belfast, UK
Introduction: Presbyopia, difficulty in seeing close-ups, affects a billion people globally. Mobile financial services (MFS) have been mandated since January 2021 for Bangladesh government social safety net payments, including old age allowance (OAA) and widow allowance (WA). We report the protocol for the Transforming Households with Refraction and Innovative Financial Technology randomised trial assessing the impact on the use of online banking of providing presbyopic safety net beneficiaries with reading glasses, and brief smartphone and mobile banking app training.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602, Nagoya, JAPAN.
A new series of metal-organic nanotubes was constructed through one-dimensional assembly using molecular triangles or molecular squares composed of paddlewheel dirhodium complexes and bidentate axial ligands. The metal-organic nanotubes were significantly different from conventional solid metal-organic framework (MOF) motifs. They exhibit good solubility owing to the branched side chains at their periphery and demonstrate high orientation capabilities in thin films owing to their anisotropic structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAzania
November 2024
Sainsbury Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
Beads are a prominent category of material culture in the African past. Crosscutting their study across temporal periods and geographical areas are some general methodological and theoretical convergences: the categorisation of beads in terms of materials and methods of manufacture, an emphasis on provenance and distribution, and the analysis of beads as 'social signals' in relation to identity, networks and status. This paper outlines the conceptual framework of 'making' and discusses how such a framework can expand on existing analyses and provide new avenues for studying beads in the African past.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
November 2024
Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA List, 38000 Grenoble, France.
Models for viral populations with high replication error rates (such as RNA viruses) rely on the quasispecies concept, in which mutational pressure beyond the so-called "error threshold" leads to a loss of essential genetic information and population collapse, an effect known as the "error catastrophe." We explain how crossing this threshold, as a result of increasing mutation rates, can be understood as a second-order phase transition, even in the presence of lethal mutations. In particular, we show that, in fitness landscapes with a single peak, this collapse is equivalent to a ferroparamagnetic transition, where the back-mutation rate plays the role of the external magnetic field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethodsX
December 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharad Institute of Technology, College of Engineering, Yadrav, Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra, India.
This research aims to improve the accuracy of cutting fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) utilizing CO2 laser processing techniques, with a particular focus on carbon-glass fiber-reinforced hybrid composites (CGFRP) using epoxy resin. Establishing CO laser machining as a dependable and effective process for creating superior CGFRP components is the main goal. This research intends to optimize laser machining parameters to enhance surface quality and machining efficiency for these composites by a thorough parametric analysis.
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