Sequence processing is critical for complex behavior, and counting sequences hold a unique place underlying human numerical development. Despite this, the neural bases of counting sequences remain unstudied. We hypothesized that counting sequences in adults would involve representations in sensory, order, magnitude, and linguistic codes that implicate regions in auditory, supplementary motor, posterior parietal, and inferior frontal areas, respectively. In an fMRI scanner, participants heard four-number sequences in a 2 × 2 × 2 design. The sequences were adjacent or not (e.g., 5, 6, 7, 8 vs. 5, 6, 7, 9), ordered or not (e.g., 5, 6, 7, 8 vs. 8, 5, 7, 6), and were spoken by a voice of consistent or variable identity. Then, neural substrates of counting sequences were identified by testing for the effect of consecutiveness (ordered nonadjacent versus ordered adjacent, e.g., 5, 6, 7, 9 > 5, 6, 7, 8) in the hypothesized brain regions. Violations to consecutiveness elicited brain activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the supplementary motor area (SMA). In contrast, no such activation was observed in the auditory cortex, despite violations in voice identity recruiting strong activity in that region. Also, no activation was observed in the inferior parietal lobule, despite a robust effect of orderedness observed in that brain region. These findings indicate that listening to counting sequences do not automatically elicit sensory or magnitude codes but suggest that the precise increments in the sequence are tracked by the mechanism for processing ordered associations in the SMA and by the mechanism for binding individual lexical items into a cohesive whole in the IFG.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118146 | DOI Listing |
J Antimicrob Chemother
December 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea.
Background: Our research aimed to investigate the potential of in vitro triple antimicrobial synergism against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) as a strategy to overcome antimicrobial resistance.
Methods: We used 12 CRPA blood isolates stocked in the Asian Bacterial Bank between 2016 and 2018. All isolates were tested by multi-locus sequencing and carbapenemase multiplex PCR.
Cancer Metab
December 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
BMC Cancer
December 2024
Department of Gynecology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, P. R. China.
New treatment strategies for ovarian cancer, which is the deadliest female reproductive tract malignancy, are urgently needed. Here, we investigated the anticancer effects of fenbendazole (FBZ), a benzimidazole compound, on the regulation of apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe in A2780 and SKOV3 human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Functional experiments, including Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and flow cytometry assays, were conducted to explore the effects of FBZ on the malignant biological behavior of A2780 and SKOV3 cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Microbiol
December 2024
TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine), Huzhou Central Hospital, Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Zhejiang Province for the Development and Clinical Transformation of Immunomodulatory Drugs, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Background: Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a valuable herb. With the increasing demand for saffron, people are starting to focus on how to increase its yields.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIran J Parasitol
January 2024
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam, India.
A 2-year-old female Assam Hill goat was presented with a clinical history of anorexia, fever, mild anemia, rough body coat, dehydration, tachycardia, dyspnea and swelling of palpable lymph nodes. Hematology revealed low hemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cell and thrombocyte count. Biochemical analysis showed increased serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine and urea in comparison to the normal reference range.
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