AI Article Synopsis
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny membrane-bound structures released by cells that play a key role in communication between cells and have potential as therapeutic agents and drug delivery systems.
- EVs have shown promise in preclinical studies for delivering nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules, and some have even entered early clinical trials targeting cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
- However, the advancement of EV-based drug delivery is challenged by variability in sample types and methods, lack of standardization, and ongoing concerns about their safety and effectiveness, though high-quality EV drugs might be developed through more systematic approaches.
Article Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanovesicles secreted from living cells, shuttling macromolecules in intercellular communication and potentially possessing intrinsic therapeutic activity. Due to their stability, low immunogenicity, and inherent interaction with recipient cells, EVs also hold great promise as drug delivery vehicles. Indeed, they have been used to deliver nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules in preclinical investigations. Furthermore, EV-based drugs have entered early clinical trials for cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their appeal as delivery vectors, however, EV-based drug delivery progress has been hampered by heterogeneity of sample types and methods as well as a persistent lack of standardization, validation, and comprehensive reporting. This review highlights specific requirements for EVs in drug delivery and describes the most pertinent approaches for separation and characterization. Despite residual uncertainties related to pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and potential off-target effects, clinical-grade, high-potency EV drugs might be achievable through GMP-compliant workflows in a highly standardized environment.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8217305 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.027 | DOI Listing |
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