AI Article Synopsis
- - The study examines how interleukin-21 (IL-21) levels relate to the recurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) after stopping entecavir treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who test positive for HBeAg.
- - Blood samples from 112 CHB patients were taken at various intervals after stopping treatment, and results showed that IL-21 levels were significantly higher in patients who maintained durable virological remission compared to those who experienced relapse.
- - The findings suggest that IL-21 levels can serve as an independent indicator for the risk of CHB relapse after treatment discontinuation, highlighting its role in the immune response for patients post-ETV therapy.
Article Abstract
Background: To investigate the association between interleukin-21 (IL-21) expression level and virological relapse (VR) of HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) after discontinuance of entecavir (ETV).
Methods: The serum IL-21 level of 112 CHB patients was measured at 0, 12, 24, 52, and 104 weeks after ETV discontinuance. ELISA was used for the measurement of serum IL-21 level. VR was defined as two continuous examinations with an interval of 1 month with both showing HBV DNA >10 000 copies/mL after drug discontinuance.
Results: The serum IL-21 levels at 0, 12, 24, 52, and 104 weeks after discontinuance of ETV were significantly higher in the durable virological remission (DVR) group than in the VR group (all P < .01). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.728 (95% CI: 0.630-0.827, P < .001), while the best cut-off value was 49.8 pg/mL. Multivariate Cox model showed that the factors affecting the relapse included age, followed by HBsAg level at the serological conversion of HBeAg and serum IL-21 level (all P < .05).
Conclusion: Serum IL-21 level at ETV discontinuance is an independent risk factor for CHB relapse. IL-21 acts as an immunomodulatory factor in maintaining DVR in HBeAg positive CHB patients after ETV discontinuance.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8975288 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tjg.2021.19703 | DOI Listing |
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