Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography: Game-Changing Technology.

Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the potential to revolutionize lamellar corneal surgery and facilitate many other types of ocular surgery because it readily visualizes ocular structures that can be difficult to discern with a coaxial microscope, particularly through a cloudy cornea. Systems that can provide a high-quality image on demand in the surgeon's oculars, rather than just on an adjacent monitor, are the most useful because they allow the surgeon to rely on the OCT image while operating, without having to look away from the surgical field. Useful applications in lamellar corneal surgery include assessing graft attachment with Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty and discerning graft orientation with Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty, which otherwise could be challenging in an eye with a cloudy cornea. Intraoperative OCT is particularly helpful when performing deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in cases in which a big bubble should not be attempted or cannot be achieved because it enables better intraoperative control of the incision depth and allows the surgeon to assess the uniformity of the dissection plane to optimize visual outcomes. Intraoperative OCT is also useful when judging the depth of a scar for a lamellar dissection, when evaluating intraocular lens positioning in the capsular bag, or when locating and removing retained nuclear fragments from an eye with a poor view because of a cloudy cornea. The primary barrier to the adoption of this valuable technology is cost.