Yeast Fermentate-Mediated Reduction of Reading and Typhimurium in an Turkey Cecal Culture Model.

Reading is an ongoing public health issue in the turkey industry, leading to significant morbidity in humans in the United States. Pre-harvest intervention strategies that contribute to the reduction of foodborne pathogens in food animals, such as the yeast fermentation metabolites of Original XPC (XPC), may become the key to multi-hurdle farm to fork strategies. Therefore, we developed an anaerobic turkey cecal model to assess the effects of XPC on the ceca of commercial finisher tom turkeys fed diets void of XPC and antibiotics. Using the turkey cecal culture method, ceca were tested with and without XPC for their anti- Reading and the previously defined anti-Typhimurium (ST97) effects. Ultimately, the anti- effects were independent of serovar ( > 0.05). At 0 h post inoculation (hpi), levels were equivalent between treatments at 7.3 Log CFU/mL, and at 24 hpi, counts in XPC were reduced by 5 Log CFU/mL, which was 2.1 Log lower than the control ( < 0.05). No differences in serovar prevalence existed ( > 0.05), with a 92% reduction in positive XPC-treated ceca cultures by 48 hpi ( < 0.05). To evaluate changes to the microbiota independent of the immune response, the 16S rDNA was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Data indicated a profound effect of time and treatment for the reduction of irrespective of serovar. XPC sustained diversity metrics compared to the control, demonstrating a reduction in diversity over time ( < 0.05).