Front Aging Neurosci
Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
Published: April 2021
Exercise has multiple beneficial effects on health including decreasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Such effects are thought to be mediated (at least in part) by myokines, a collection of cytokines and other small proteins released from skeletal muscles. As an endocrine organ, skeletal muscle synthesizes and secretes a wide range of myokines which contribute to different functions in different organs, including the brain. One such myokine is the recently discovered protein Irisin, which is secreted into circulation from skeletal muscle during exercise from its membrane bound precursor Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin contributes to metabolic processes such as glucose homeostasis and browning of white adipose tissue. Irisin also crosses the blood brain barrier and initiates a neuroprotective genetic program in the hippocampus that culminates with increased expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Furthermore, exercise and FNDC5/Irisin have been shown to have several neuroprotective effects against injuries in ischemia and neurodegenerative disease models, including Alzheimer's disease. In addition, Irisin has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. In this review we present and summarize recent findings on the multiple effects of Irisin on neural function, including signaling pathways and mechanisms involved. We also discuss how exercise can positively influence brain function and mental health via the "skeletal muscle-brain axis." While there are still many unanswered questions, we put forward the idea that Irisin is a potentially essential mediator of the skeletal muscle-brain crosstalk.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.649929 | DOI Listing |
Anesth Analg
February 2025
SC Terapia Intensiva Neurochirurgica, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milano, Italy.
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January 2025
School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-907, Brazil.
The Notch signaling pathway is crucial for skeletal muscle development, regeneration, inflammation, and aging. This study investigated the association between interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the Notch pathway in C2C12 cells, as well as explored the effects of combined endurance and resistance exercise on the Notch and autophagy pathways in the skeletal muscle of senescence-accelerated mouse-resistant 1 Sedentary (SAMR1 CT), SAMR1 exercised (SAMR1 EX), senescence-accelerated prone mouse 8 Sedentary (SAMP8 CT), and SAMP8 exercised (SAMP8 EX). C2C12 myoblasts were transfected with siIL-10.
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January 2025
Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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Objective: To report a newly acquired myopathy associated with MG.
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Unlabelled: Cancer cachexia, a multifactorial condition resulting in muscle and adipose tissue wasting, reduces the quality of life of many people with cancer. Despite decades of research, therapeutic options for cancer cachexia remain limited. Cachexia is highly prevalent in people with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and many animal models of pancreatic cancer are used to understand mechanisms underlying cachexia.
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