We study the stochastic dynamics of an electrolyte driven by a uniform external electric field and show that it exhibits generic scale invariance despite the presence of Debye screening. The resulting long-range correlations give rise to a Casimir-like fluctuation-induced force between neutral boundaries that confine the ions; this force is controlled by the external electric field, and it can be both attractive and repulsive with similar boundary conditions, unlike other long-range fluctuation-induced forces. This work highlights the importance of nonequilibrium correlations in electrolytes and shows how they can be used to tune interactions between uncharged biological or synthetic structures at large separations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.158002 | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev Lett
October 2024
Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia and Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Como, Italy.
Confining in space the equilibrium fluctuations of statistical systems with long-range correlations is known to result into effective forces on the boundaries. Here we demonstrate the occurrence of Casimir-like forces in the nonequilibrium context provided by flocking active matter. In particular, we consider a system of aligning self-propelled particles in two spatial dimensions that are transversally confined by reflecting or partially reflecting walls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
September 2024
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
Phase transitions are typically quantified using order parameters, such as crystal lattice distances and radial distribution functions, which can identify subtle changes in crystalline materials or high-contrast phases with large structural differences. However, the identification of phases with high complexity, multiscale organization and of complex patterns during the structural fluctuations preceding phase transitions, which are essential for understanding the system pathways between phases, is challenging for those traditional analyses. Here, it is shown that for two model systems- thermotropic liquid crystals and a lyotropic water/surfactant mixtures-graph theoretical (GT) descriptors can successfully identify complex phases combining molecular and nanoscale levels of organization that are hard to characterize with traditional methodologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
June 2023
Department of Physics, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
Accidental ground state degeneracies-those not a consequence of global symmetries of the Hamiltonian-are inevitably lifted by fluctuations, often leading to long-range order, a phenomenon known as "order-by-disorder" (ObD). The detection and characterization of ObD in real materials currently lacks clear, qualitative signatures that distinguish ObD from conventional energetic selection. We show that for order by thermal disorder (ObTD) such a signature exists: a characteristic temperature dependence of the fluctuation-induced pseudo-Goldstone gap.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
August 2022
SISSA and INFN Sezione di Trieste, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy.
Engineering long-range interactions in experimental platforms has been achieved with great success in a large variety of quantum systems in recent years. Inspired by this progress, we propose a generalization of the classical Hamiltonian mean-field model to fermionic particles. We study the phase diagram and thermodynamic properties of the model in the canonical ensemble for ferromagnetic interactions as a function of temperature and hopping.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
January 2022
Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
Fluctuation-induced forces are observed in numerous physical systems spanning from quantum to macroscopic scale. However, there is as yet no experimental report of their existence in hydrodynamic turbulence. Here, we present evidence of an attraction force mediated via turbulent fluctuations by using two walls locally confining 2D turbulence.
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