Chloroviruses are unusual among viruses infecting eukaryotic organisms in that they must, like bacteriophages, penetrate a rigid cell wall to initiate infection. PBCV-1 infects its host, NC64A by specifically binding to and degrading the cell wall of the host at the point of contact by a virus-packaged enzyme(s). However, PBCV-1 does not use any of the five previously characterized virus-encoded polysaccharide degrading enzymes to digest the host cell wall during virus entry because none of the enzymes are packaged in the virion. A search for another PBCV-1-encoded and virion-associated protein identified protein A561L. The fourth domain of A561L is a 242 amino acid C-terminal domain, named A561L, with cell wall degrading activity. An A561L homolog was present in all 52 genomically sequenced chloroviruses, infecting four different algal hosts. A561L degraded the cell walls of all four chlorovirus hosts, as well as several non-host spp. Thus, A561L was not cell-type specific. Finally, we discovered that exposure of highly purified PBCV-1 virions to A561L increased the specific infectivity of PBCV-1 from about 25-30% of the particles forming plaques to almost 50%. We attribute this increase to removal of residual host receptor that attached to newly replicated viruses in the cell lysates.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050782 | DOI Listing |
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
January 2025
School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, UK.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent cause of mortality and morbidity in the Western world. A common underlying hallmark of CVD is the plaque-associated arterial thickening, termed atherosclerosis. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the aetiology of atherosclerosis remain unknown, it is clear that both its development and progression are associated with significant changes in the pattern of DNA methylation within the vascular cell wall.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
Morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) is considered one of the most primitive dormancy classes among seed plants. While extensive studies have examined the occurrence of endo-β-mannanase in seeds with physiological dormancy (PD) or non-dormancy, little is known about the activity of this enzyme in seeds with MPD. This study aimed to investigate the temporal and spatial patterns of endo-β-mannanase activity during dormancy break and germination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
January 2025
Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
Cell wall extensibility is a key biophysical characteristic that defines the rate of plant cell growth. It depends on the wall structure and is controlled by numerous proteins that cut and/or (re)form links between the wall constituents. Cell wall extensibility is currently estimated by different in vitro biomechanical tests.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
January 2025
Korea Packaging Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Bucheon 14449, Republic of Korea.
Starch foam has attracted significant attention as an alternative to expanded styrene (EPS) foam owing to its abundance and biodegradability. Despite these merits, its limited thermal insulation and flexibility compared to EPS have hindered its utilization in packaging. Herein, we report the effect of blending with starch/PBAT on foaming behavior and physical properties during foaming processing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
January 2025
School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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