Molecular Typing of Pathogenic Species Isolated from Wild Mammal Reservoirs in Sardinia.

Leptospirosis is a global zoonosis caused by pathogenic species of that infect a large spectrum of domestic and wild animals. This study is the first molecular identification, characterization, and phylogeny of strains with veterinary and zoonotic impact in Sardinian wild hosts. All samples collected were cultured and analyzed by multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Sequencing, phylogenetic analyses (based on and sequences), and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) based on the analysis of seven concatenated loci were also performed. Results revealed the detection of DNA and cultured isolates in 21% and 4% of the samples examined, respectively. Sequence analysis of positive samples highlighted the presence of the and genospecies that grouped in strongly supported monophyletic clades. MLST analyses identified six different Sequence Types (ST) that clustered in two monophyletic groups specific for , and . This study provided about the prevalence of leptospires in wild mammals in Sardinia, and increased our knowledge of this pathogen on the island. Monitoring strains circulating in Sardinia will help clinicians and veterinarians develop strategic plans for the prevention and control of leptospiral infections.