AI Article Synopsis
- Tunicates are important for studying evolutionary developmental biology due to their diverse species and the regulation of embryonic development by transcription factors (TFs).
- This study identified 553 TFs from the tunicate genome and revealed significant differences in the zinc finger superfamily, suggesting a connection to species differentiation and adaptation.
- The research also showed that most TFs are active during early embryonic stages, with specific genes linked to neurodevelopment and sensory organs, offering new insights into their roles in development and environmental adaptation.
Article Abstract
Tunicates include diverse species, as they are model animals for evolutionary developmental biology study. The embryonic development of tunicates is known to be extensively regulated by transcription factors (TFs). , the globally distributed invasive tunicate, exhibits a strong capacity for environmental adaptation. However, the TFs were not systematically identified and analyzed. In this study, we reported 553 TFs categorized into 60 families from , based on the whole genome data. Comparison of TFs analysis among the tunicate species revealed that the gene number in the zinc finger superfamily displayed the most significant discrepancy, indicating this family was under the highly evolutionary selection and might be related to species differentiation and environmental adaptation. The greatest number of TFs was discovered in the Cys2His2-type zinc finger protein (zf-C2H2) family in . From the point of temporal view, more than half the TFs were expressed at the early embryonic stage. The expression correlation analysis revealed the existence of a transition for TFs expression from early embryogenesis to the later larval development in . Eight genes were identified to be located on one chromosome, exhibiting different arrangement and expression patterns, compared to ( type A). In addition, a total of 23 () genes were identified in , and their expression profiles referred to their potential roles in neurodevelopment and sensory organ development. Our data, thus, provides crucial clues to the potential functions of TFs in development and environmental adaptation in the leathery sea squirt.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8122590 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094317 | DOI Listing |
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