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Sphingomyelinase D Activity in Venom: Toxic Potential and Clues to the Evolution of SMases D in the Sicariidae Family. | LitMetric
The spider family Sicariidae includes three genera, , and . The three genera share a common characteristic in their venoms: the presence of Sphingomyelinases D (SMase D). SMases D are considered the toxins that cause the main pathological effects of the venom, that is, those responsible for the development of loxoscelism. Some studies have shown that spiders have less or undetectable SMase D activity in their venoms, when compared to . In contrast, our group has shown that , a Brazilian species, has active SMase D and toxic potential to envenomation. However, few species of have been characterized for their toxic potential. In order to contribute to a better understanding about the toxicity of venoms, the aim of this study was to characterize the toxic properties of male and female venoms from and compare them with that from , one of the most toxic venoms. We show here that venom presents active SMases D. However, regarding hemolysis development, it seems that these toxins in this species present different molecular mechanisms of action than that described for venoms, whereas it is similar to those present in bacteria containing SMase D. Besides, our results also suggest that, in addition to the interspecific differences, intraspecific variations in the venoms' composition may play a role in the toxic potential of venoms from species.
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