AI Article Synopsis
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells found in almost all body tissues and play a role in the immune response during viral infections.
- When activated by viral antigens and damaged cell signals, MSCs release interferons and cytokines that enhance immune cell activity, helping to clear viral infections.
- After fighting off viruses, MSCs produce factors that regulate the immune response and aid in tissue repair, highlighting their potential for treating viral diseases.
Article Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult, immunomodulatory stem cells which reside in almost all postnatal tissues. Viral antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns released from injured and infected cells activate MSCs, which elicit strong antiviral immune response. MSC-sourced interferons and inflammatory cytokines modulate the cytotoxicity of NK cells and CTLs, enhance the antigen-presentation properties of DCs and macrophages, regulate cytokine synthesis in CD4+ T helper cells and promote antibody production in B cells. After the elimination of viral pathogens, MSCs produce immunoregulatory cytokines and trophic factors, prevent the over-activation of immune cells and promote tissue repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the MSC-dependent elimination of virus-infected cells, and we emphasize the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their secretomes in the treatment of viral diseases.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066286 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040409 | DOI Listing |
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