What every dentist needs to know about electronic cigarettes.

Electronic cigarette (EC) use is on a steady rise, leading to increased concerns about its efficacy with regard to tobacco cessation goals and safety with regard to systemic and oral health. Recent studies have shown that EC flavoring agents can have adverse effects similar to those of combustible tobacco products. Evidence is mounting that EC use should not be considered a healthier alternative to tobacco smoking. The aerosols produced by ECs have been associated with respiratory, cardiac, and central nervous system disease as well as oral mucosal alterations. In addition, ECs can affect kidney and liver function. Their use has also resulted in EC explosions and burn injuries, some of which have been fatal. The aim of this article is to review the systemic and oral health concerns associated with EC use.