Program uptake of a parent-tailored telephone smoking cessation counselling: An examination of recruitment approaches.

Introduction: Recently, a Dutch proactive parent-tailored telephone smoking cessation counselling program, Smoke-free Parents (SFP), was demonstrated to be effective in helping parents to quit smoking. This study aimed to examine the program's uptake and the costs of two recruitment approaches (i.e. healthcare vs mass media) for SFP. In addition, parent's barriers to participating in SFP and the characteristics of participating parents were assessed.

Methods: As part of an effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial, 402 smoking parents were recruited via healthcare settings and mass media for an informal, proactive, and free phone call with a smoking cessation counsellor about SFP (the Netherlands, September 2016 - September 2018). Parents were asked whether they wanted to participate in SFP. If parents refused, reasons for decline and additional information (e.g. educational level) were collected.

Results: Results revealed that 26.4% of the recruited parents participated in SFP. Although the program uptake of parents recruited via mass media was slightly, but not significantly, higher than via healthcare (27.3% vs 26.8%, p=0.92), the healthcare approach resulted in lower costs per participant (€99.62 vs €205.72). Smoking cessation counsellors were unable to reach almost one-third (32.7%) of the parents after they had agreed to be called about SFP.

Conclusions: The present study showed that more than a quarter of all recruited parents participated in SFP and that the mass media approach and healthcare approach can be used to recruit parents for SFP. To increase the number of parents participating in SFP, it is important to overcome the identified barriers that prevent parents from participating.