Gene Expression Differences Between Young Adults Based on Trauma History and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.

The purpose of this study was to identify gene expression differences associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma exposure (TE) in a three-group study design comprised of those with and without trauma exposure and PTSD. We conducted gene expression and gene network analyses in a sample ( = 45) composed of female subjects of European Ancestry (EA) with PTSD, TE without PTSD, and controls. We identified 283 genes differentially expressed between PTSD-TE groups. In an independent sample of Veterans ( = 78) a small minority of these genes were also differentially expressed. We identified 7 gene network modules significantly associated with PTSD and TE (Bonferroni corrected ≤ 0.05), which at a false discovery rate (FDR) of ≤ 0.2, were significantly enriched for biological pathways involved in focal adhesion, neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, and immune related processes among others. This study uses gene network analyses to identify significant gene modules associated with PTSD, TE, and controls. On an individual gene level, we identified a large number of differentially expressed genes between PTSD-TE groups, a minority of which were also differentially expressed in the independent sample. We also demonstrate a lack of network module preservation between PTSD and TE, suggesting that the molecular signature of PTSD and trauma are likely independent of each other. Our results provide a basis for the identification of likely disease pathways and biomarkers involved in the etiology of PTSD.