Metal-organic framework (MOF)-supported metal/metal compound nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a new class of composite catalysts. However, huge challenges prevail in placing such NPs in the MOF pores because of the poor solubility of metal/metal oxides, limited availability of suitable precursors, metastable attribute of given metal ions, and lower thermal stability of MOFs compared to conventional porous materials. Based on the difference between the thermal stability of the precursor and MOFs, we successfully developed a controlled thermal conversion (CTC) method to load cobalt(II) oxide (CoO) NPs into the framework of MOF (MIL-101) to conveniently obtain a composite catalyst, CoO@MIL-101, which is a very rare example of pure CoO NP-loaded composite catalyst that shows excellent catalytic activity in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol. This CTC strategy opens up a pathway for impregnating MOF supports with specific NPs, which is further confirmed by preparing the first CuBr@MOF-type composite catalyst.
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