The effects of aerobic training, resistance training, combined training, and healthy eating recommendations on lipid profile and body mass index in overweight and obese children and adolescents: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training, resistance training (RT), combined training, and nutritional recommendations on lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) in obese and overweight children and adolescents.

Methods: This randomized, clinical trial was conducted on 120 children and adolescents (10-19 years of age) with overweight and obesity. Participants were divided into 4 groups, the 3 intervention groups of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), RT, and combined training, and 1 non-exercising control group with healthy eating recommendations. We considered 24 sessions of training during 8 weeks for the intervention groups. The participants' anthropometric indices and lipid profile were assessed before and after the intervention.

Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of anthropometric indices and lipid profiles before the intervention. After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level; the control group (37.70 ± 9.45) and the HIIT group (43.65 ± 9.09) displayed the lowest and highest mean, respectively (P = 0.040). Comparison of physical variables and blood lipid profiles before and after the intervention showed a significant difference in waist circumference (P = 0.030), hip circumference (P ≤ 0.001), and HDL level (P = 0.040) in RT, HIIT, combined, and control groups.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the combined training program and HIIT program with nutritional recommendations in overweight and obese children and adolescents were more effective in reducing BMI and hip circumference, respectively.