Background: The burden of HIV is mainly found in Sub Saharan Africa. The HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment is found to be higher and it can exist at all stages of HIV. The HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment has a significant impact on a patient's daily living and highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) adherence. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment among adult people on HIV treatment.
Methods: A total of 423 people living with HIV/AIDS were planned to include in the study. A systematic random sampling technique was used to get the study participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment. Factors with a p-value of ≤ 0.2 on bivariate analyses were recruited for multivariate logistic regression analyses, and 95% CI at p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Variance inflation factors for continuous variables and Spearman rank correlation for categorical variables were performed. There was no multicollinearity between suspected predictor variables. Model fitness was checked using Hosmer and Lemeshow Test, and its p-value was 0.45.
Result: A total of 422 individuals on HAART were included which gave a response rate of 99.8%. The prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment was 41% (95% CI=36.3, 45.6). Older individuals, low monthly income, having comorbid depression and anxiety, have no communication about safe sexual intercourse, higher duration of HIV illness, and having poor social support were statistically significant associated factors of HIV neurocognitive impairment.
Conclusion: Two among five HIV patients on HAART treatment experienced HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment. It will be better if health professionals working at the HIV/TB clinic screen and consult HIV patients for psychiatric evaluation and treatment. Due attention should be given to HIV patients with associated factors.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S298141 | DOI Listing |
Radiat Oncol
January 2025
ISTCT UMR 6030-CNRS, Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France.
Background: Radiotherapy as a complement or an alternative to neurosurgery has a central role in the treatment of skull base grade I-II meningiomas. Radiotherapy techniques have improved considerably over the last two decades, becoming more effective and sparing more and more the healthy tissue surrounding the tumour. Currently, hypo-fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for small tumours and normo-fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or proton-therapy (PT) for larger tumours are the most widely used techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry
January 2025
New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia Psychiatry, USA; Columbia Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, USA.
Background: Cross-sectional studies have reported neurocognitive performance deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), particularly on tasks assessing response inhibition and proactive control over stimulus-driven behaviors (task control). However, it is not clear whether these deficits represent trait-like markers of OCD or are state-dependent.
Methods: This study examined performance on two neurocognitive tasks in OCD patients (N = 26) before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and matched healthy controls (HCs, N = 19).
PLoS One
January 2025
Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.
Background: Strokes are becoming more common, and with improving survival rates, the prevalence of stroke survivors has increased. Almost half of chronic stroke survivors are cognitively impaired, and healthcare services are struggling to manage these patients, leaving some feeling "abandoned". Several systematic reviews have investigated the effect of physical exercise and cognition-orientated interventions on post-stroke cognitive impairment, and have produced conflicting findings, making it difficult for clinicians and guideline producers to make evidence-based decisions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAIDS
March 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the most effective therapeutic intervention for HIV infection. With improved survival, comorbidities, including neuropsychiatric and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) are of increasing concern to aging people with HIV (PWH). The clinical features and the inter-individual variability of the aging process confound the elucidation of the diagnosis and underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in aging PWH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Paediatr
January 2025
Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Aim: To describe the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of asphyxiated neonates treated with hypothermia in association with neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
Methods: We evaluated, retrospectively, clinical and radiological single-centre data at 0, 2, and 5 years of age of 53 asphyxiated neonates born between 2005 and 2015. Neonatal cranial MRI was re-evaluated using the Weeke score ranging from 0 (normal finding) to 55 (cerebral devastation) by a single neuroradiologist blinded to patient outcomes.
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