Development of a Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale for E-cigarette Use.

Adolescent use of electronic cigarettes has risen dramatically, prompting concerns about the health effects. There is need for brief measures to assess adolescents' perceived threat and efficacy related to e-cigarette use and cessation. A 12-item Likert-type scale was modeled after the Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale and designed to assess threat (ie, severity and susceptibility of threat) and efficacy (ie, self-efficacy and response efficacy) as they relate to e-cigarette use. The scale was administered online to a developmental sample of 674 adolescents to examine internal consistency and factor structure. Participants (52.1% female, M age = 14.6) were representative of the surrounding community (60% non-Hispanic white; 27% non-Hispanic black; 8% Hispanic). Factor analysis and Velicer's minimum average partial test revealed 2 factors (as expected), which explained 68% of the variance. Analyses revealed strong internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha of .93 overall and alphas of .92 and .87 for threat and efficacy subscales, respectively. The measure also exhibited good convergent and discriminant validity with other constructs. The measure demonstrates strong preliminary reliability and validity for a developmental sample of adolescents.