AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Background: Animal models are critical to improve our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine dependence in rodents can be established by repeated nicotine injections, chronic nicotine infusion via osmotic minipumps, oral nicotine intake, tobacco smoke exposure, nicotine vapor exposure, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure. The time course of nicotine withdrawal symptoms associated with these methods has not been reviewed in the literature.
Aim: The goal of this review is to discuss nicotine withdrawal symptoms associated with the cessation of nicotine, tobacco smoke, nicotine vapor, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure in rats and mice. Furthermore, age and sex differences in nicotine withdrawal symptoms are reviewed.
Results: Cessation of nicotine, tobacco smoke, nicotine vapor, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure leads to nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as somatic withdrawal signs, changes in locomotor activity, anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, learning and memory deficits, attention deficits, hyperalgesia, and dysphoria. These withdrawal symptoms are most pronounced within the first week after cessation of nicotine exposure. Anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, and deficits in learning and memory may persist for several months. Adolescent (4-6 weeks old) rats and mice display fewer nicotine withdrawal symptoms than adults (>8 weeks old). In adult rats and mice, females show fewer nicotine withdrawal symptoms than males. The smoking cessation drugs bupropion and varenicline reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms in rodents.
Conclusion: The nicotine withdrawal symptoms that are observed in rodents are similar to those observed in humans. Tobacco smoke and e-cigarette aerosol contain chemicals and added flavors that enhance the reinforcing properties of nicotine. Therefore, more valid animal models of tobacco and e-cigarette use need to be developed by using tobacco smoke and e-cigarette aerosol exposure methods to induce dependence.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8526373 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02698811211005629 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Characterization of a novel oronasal-restricted nicotine vaping self-administration model in mice.
Neuropharmacology
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Nicotine use remains one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the United States and, while the prevalence of combustible cigarette use has declined over the past few years, the popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems continues to rise. Vaping is not without risks, and its long-term effects, particularly in vulnerable populations, remain largely unknown. This study introduces a novel, oronasal-restricted, nicotine vapor self-administration mouse model to investigate the impact of nicotine concentration, genotype, sex, and age on self-administration and behavioral response to nicotine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficacy of shared decision making in tobacco cessation among health facilities of Haryana, India - A double blinded, parallel group Randomized Controlled trial Protocol.
Public Health Pract (Oxf)
June 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
Background: Shared decision-making (SDM) incorporates evidence, patient values, and preferences into medical decision-making. SDM and decision aids might promote health professional engagement and patient knowledge of tobacco cessation therapy, improving usage and results. The SDM facilitates talks that lead to better-informed judgements that align with patients' priorities, unlike individual decision-making.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncentives for smoking cessation.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Background: Financial incentives (money, vouchers, or self-deposits) can be used to positively reinforce smoking cessation. They may be used as one-off rewards, or in various schedules to reward steps towards sustained smoking abstinence (known as contingency management). They have been used in workplaces, clinics, hospitals, and community settings, and to target particular populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTobacco use is the leading cause of death globally and in the U.S. After decades of decline, driven by decreases in combusted tobacco use, nicotine product use has increased due to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), also known as e-cigarettes or vapes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLongitudinal changes in reinforcement learning during smoking cessation: a computational analysis using a probabilistic reward task.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Despite progress in smoking reduction in the past several decades, cigarette smoking remains a significant public health concern world-wide, with many smokers attempting but ultimately failing to maintain abstinence. However, little is known about how decision-making evolves in quitting smokers. Based on preregistered hypotheses and analysis plan ( https://osf.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!