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Preschool-age children maintain a distinct memory CD4 T cell and memory B cell response after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Sci Transl Med
September 2024
Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, F-75015 Paris, France.
Article Synopsis
- The human immune system continues to develop for several years after birth, affecting how young children respond to infections, such as SARS-CoV-2.
- Researchers studied T cell responses in children and adults before, during, and after SARS-CoV-2 infection, revealing that younger children (under 5) had a weaker CD4 T cell response compared to older children and adults with mild disease.
- Following infection, preschool-age children produced similar neutralizing antibodies to adults but had different T cell characteristics and fewer memory B cells, indicating a gradual maturation of their adaptive immune responses.
Single-cell analysis of bronchoalveolar cells in inflammatory and fibrotic post-COVID lung disease.
Front Immunol
June 2024
Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Background: Persistent radiological lung abnormalities are evident in many survivors of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Consolidation and ground glass opacities are interpreted to indicate subacute inflammation whereas reticulation is thought to reflect fibrosis. We sought to identify differences at molecular and cellular level, in the local immunopathology of post-COVID inflammation and fibrosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPerformance of the Roche Elecsys® IGRA SARS-CoV-2 test for the detection and quantification of virus-reactive T cells in COVID-19-vaccinated immunosuppressed patients and healthy subjects.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis
July 2024
Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
Purpose: Comparing the performance of commercially available SARS-CoV-2 T-cell immunoassay responses may provide useful information for future observational or intervention studies as well as to their potential customers.
Method: Whole blood was collected from a total of 183 subjects fully vaccinated against COVID-19: 55 healthy controls (Group 1), 50 hematological patients (Group 2), 50 chronic kidney disease patients (Group 3), and 28 elderly nursing home residents (Group 4). Samples were tested with the Roche Elecsys® IGRA (Interferon-gamma release assay) SARS-CoV-2 test (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), the Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 test (Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany), the SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Analysis Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), and a flow-cytometry for intracellular cytokine (IFN-γ) staining-based immunoassay (FC-ICS).
Human coronavirus OC43-elicited CD4 T cells protect against SARS-CoV-2 in HLA transgenic mice.
Nat Commun
January 2024
Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Some healthy individuals who haven’t been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 have T cells that react to it, likely due to previous infections with the common cold coronavirus OC43.
- A study using genetically modified mice shows that infection with OC43 can produce T cells that also respond to SARS-CoV-2, helping to lessen severity of subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infections.
- The role of CD4 T cells is significant; their depletion increases the viral load in the lungs after SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting their importance for cross-protection and informing future vaccine development against similar coronaviruses.
Increased SARS-CoV-2 reactive low avidity T cells producing inflammatory cytokines in pediatric post-acute COVID-19 sequelae (PASC).
Pediatr Allergy Immunol
December 2023
Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Background: A proportion of the convalescent SARS-CoV-2 pediatric population presents nonspecific symptoms, mental health problems, and a reduction in quality of life similar to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID-19 symptomatic. However, data regarding its clinical manifestation and immune mechanisms are currently scarce.
Methods: In this study, we perform a comprehensive clinical and immunological profiling of 17 convalescent COVID-19 children with post-acute COVID-19 sequelae (PASC) manifestation and 13 convalescent children without PASC manifestation.
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