Competition between active and inactive synapses sculpts neuronal networks by activity-dependent loss of inactive connections, the mechanisms for which are poorly understood. In this issue of Neuron, Yasuda et al. (2021) demonstrate that JAK2-STAT1 signaling in inactive axons and synapses is essential for their elimination.
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Characterizing childhood trauma in individuals based on patterns of intrinsic brain connectivity.
J Affect Disord
January 2025
The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address:
Childhood maltreatment represents a strong psychological stressor that may lead to the development of later psychopathology as well as a heightened risk of health and social problems. Despite a surge of interest in examining behavioral, neurocognitive, and brain connectivity profiles sculpted by such early adversity over the past decades, little is known about the neurobiological substrates underpinning childhood maltreatment. Here, we aim to detect the effects of childhood maltreatment on whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in a cohort of healthy adults and to explore whether such RSFC profiles can be used to predict the severity of childhood trauma in subjects based on a data-driven connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe neuronal Golgi in neural circuit formation and reorganization.
Front Neural Circuits
December 2024
Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.
The Golgi apparatus is a central hub in the intracellular secretory pathway. By positioning in the specific intracellular region and transporting materials to spatially restricted compartments, the Golgi apparatus contributes to the cell polarity establishment and morphological specification in diverse cell types. In neurons, the Golgi apparatus mediates several essential steps of initial neural circuit formation during early brain development, such as axon-dendrite polarization, neuronal migration, primary dendrite specification, and dendritic arbor elaboration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroglia as hunters or gatherers of brain synapses.
Nat Neurosci
January 2025
Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.
Over a decade ago, it was discovered that microglia, the brain's immune cells, engulf synaptic material in a process named microglial pruning. This term suggests that microglia actively sculpt brain circuits by tagging and phagocytosing unwanted synapses. However, live imaging studies have yet to demonstrate how microglial synapse elimination occurs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe convoluted path leading to neuronal circuit formation.
Curr Opin Neurobiol
December 2024
Department of Translational Neuroscience - University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
A limiting step of neuronal circuit formation is the extensive migration of interneurons from their birthplace to populate territories formed by excitatory neurons. Interneuron dynamics in the developing brain culminates with the organization of interneuron subtypes in specific configurations within layers of brain tissue. Decoding the logic behind these configurations is still matter of passionate debate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSculpting new visual categories into the human brain.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2024
Princeton Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
Article Synopsis
- * After this "neural sculpting," participants showed specific behavioral and neural responses to the newly learned visual categories compared to control ones.
- * This method not only enhances our understanding of visual perception but could also have implications for research in other cognitive areas like decision-making and memory.
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