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Natural killer cells contribute to enhanced respiratory disease after oil-in-water emulsion adjuvanted vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus and infection. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a serious infection affecting children and the elderly, and there is currently no licensed vaccine available.
  • Researchers studied the use of an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant called Addavax combined with inactivated RSV vaccine (sRSV) to enhance vaccine effectiveness and its effects on lung inflammation in mice.
  • The results showed that while Addavax improved antibody response and viral clearance, it also led to increased severe respiratory disease; however, depleting NK cells before infection helped mitigate weight loss and lung damage.

Article Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection caused severe acute respiratory disease in children and the elderly. There is no licensed vaccine. It has been a challenging problem to avoid vaccine enhanced respiratory disease in developing a safe and effective RSV vaccine. Here, we investigated the impact of MF59-like oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant Addavax on the vaccine efficacy of inactivated split RSV (sRSV) and the roles of natural killer (NK) cells in enhanced respiratory disease in sRSV vaccinated mice after RSV infection. Addavax-adjuvanted sRSV vaccination induced higher levels of IgG1 isotype antibodies and more effective lung viral clearance upon RSV infection but promoted enhanced respiratory disease of weight loss, pulmonary inflammation, and NK and NK T (NKT) cell infiltrations in the lungs. Antibody treatment depleting NK cells prior to RSV infection resulted in preventing severe weight loss and histopathology, as well as attenuating infiltration of dendritic cell subsets and TNF-α T cells in the lungs. This study demonstrated the impacts of oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant on sRSV vaccination and the potential roles of NK and NKT cells in protection and respiratory disease after adjuvanted RSV vaccination and infection in a mouse model.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8437531PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1915039DOI Listing

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