The base and nucleotide excision DNA repair (BER and NER) systems are aimed at removing specific types of damaged DNA, i.e., oxidized, alkylated, or deaminated bases in the case of BER and bulky damage caused by UV radiation or chemical carcinogens in the case of NER. In some cases, however, the repair process follows a more complex scenario, which implies that the repair pathways exchange proteins and interact with each other to form a common interactome. This review describes the BER and NER mechanisms and discusses the current data on the involvement of the NER proteins in the repair of DNA lesions caused by oxidative stress and the BER proteins in the removal of bulky DNA adducts. We also discuss the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 in the regulation of the BER and NER processes and their coordination in the repair of complex (cluster) lesions.
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