AI Article Synopsis
- Some viruses, like Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), can coexist with their host without causing significant harm, as seen in African green monkeys (AGM) that manage high viral levels without systemic inflammation or intestinal damage during chronic infection.
- The study found that NKG2 CD8 T cells in AGM respond differently to SIV infection compared to those in macaques, which model HIV; these cells increase in blood and intestine but not in lymph nodes.
- Genome analysis showed NKG2 CD8 T cells express receptors aiding in immune regulation and gut health, suggesting they might play a protective role against intestinal inflammation during SIV/HIV infections.
Article Abstract
Some viruses have established an equilibrium with their host. African green monkeys (AGM) display persistent high viral replication in the blood and intestine during Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection but resolve systemic inflammation after acute infection and lack intestinal immune or tissue damage during chronic infection. We show that NKG2 CD8 T cells increase in the blood and intestine of AGM in response to SIVagm infection in contrast to SIVmac infection in macaques, the latter modeling HIV infection. NKG2 CD8 T cells were not expanded in lymph nodes, and CXCR5NKG2 CD8 T cell frequencies further decreased after SIV infection. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of NKG2 CD8 T cells from AGM revealed the expression of NK cell receptors, and of molecules with cytotoxic effector, gut homing, and immunoregulatory and gut barrier function, including CD73. NKG2 CD8 T cells correlated negatively with IL-23 in the intestine during SIVmac infection. The data suggest a potential regulatory role of NKG2 CD8 T cells in intestinal inflammation during SIV/HIV infections.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8040270 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102314 | DOI Listing |
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