The present paper advances the proposition that level of opposition to immigration (i.e., endorsement of closure or exclusion) and its sources are not uniform and vary across immigrant groups. To test this proposition we utilize data from the 2014 European Social Survey for 20 countries and apply the analysis to the following groups: immigrants of same race/ethnic group as a majority population, immigrants of different race/ethnic group, Muslim, Jewish, and Roma immigrants. The analysis reveals that level of opposition to immigration of different ethno-religious groups in Europe is hierarchical, being most extreme toward Muslims and Roma and quite minor toward people of the same ethnic/race groups as well as toward Jews. Further analysis reveals that not only the level of opposition varies across groups but also the sources that drive such opposition. In general, the sources of opposition to immigration can be divided to 2 major categories: universal sources and group-specific sources. The universal sources (sources which increase opposition toward all immigrants regardless of their origin) pertain to threat of competition over socio-economic and symbolic resources. The group-specific sources consist of racism, fear of crime, and inter-group contact. Racism and lack of inter-group contact tend to increase opposition that is exclusive to Muslim and to Roma immigrants. Racism, however, does not increase opposition that is exclusive to immigrants belonging to a race/ethnicity, which is different from most country people. Fear of crime is likely to prompt opposition that is exclusive to immigrants of different race/ethnic group and to Roma but not toward Muslims. The findings underscore the multiple sources underlying emergence of anti-immigrant sentiment, in general, and opposition to specific groups of immigrants, in particular.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2019.00024 | DOI Listing |
Heliyon
January 2025
Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Makkah, 23955, Saudi Arabia.
Antarctica's harsh environmental conditions, characterized by high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pose challenges for microorganisms. To survive in these extreme cold regions with heightened UV exposure, microorganisms employ various adaptive strategies, including photoprotective carotenoid synthesis. Carotenoids are garnering attention in the skin health industry because of their UV photoprotection potential, given the direct relationship between UV exposure and skin burns, and cancer.
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SOPPECOM - Society for Promoting Participative Ecosystem Management, Pune, India.
This paper develops the methodological concept of river co-learning arenas (RCAs) and explores their potential to strengthen innovative grassroots river initiatives, enliven river commons, regenerate river ecologies, and foster greater socio-ecological justice. The integrity of river systems has been threatened in profound ways over the last century. Pollution, damming, canalisation, and water grabbing are some examples of pressures threatening the entwined lifeworlds of human and non-human communities that depend on riverine systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealthcare (Basel)
December 2024
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8509, Japan.
This study aimed to determine the association between chronic schizophrenia, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs), body composition, nutritional status, and dynapenia/sarcopenia. Data from 68 chronic patients with schizophrenia were analyzed using Spearman's rho correlation coefficients, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Cramér's V statistics. Among the participants, 32.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
Background: Paliperidone is a second-generation antipsychotic and the main active metabolite of risperidone, formulated to provide consistent therapeutic effects through an extended-release system, designed to provide consistent therapeutic effects through an extended-release formulation. While commonly used in clinical practice, switching from risperidone to paliperidone, particularly during valproate therapy, can pose challenges due to potential pharmacokinetic interactions that may increase the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Despite clinical observations suggesting these interactions, case reports documenting such adverse effects are scarce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Sport
January 2025
Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
This study aimed to examine physical match performance and the effects of opponent ranking and positional differences in both the English Championship League (ECL) and the English Premier League (EPL) over five consecutive seasons. Fifty-four professional outfield soccer players (average age 24.6 ± 5.
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